The work of surveyors involves surveying land to demarcate boundaries for a number of infrastructure and structures. Some of these infrastructure and structures are private homes, factory structures, public facilities, railways, roads and many more. A lot of responsibilities are charged to surveyors. This means it is a must that they are licensed and well trained for them to discharge their duties and responsibilities to the community. There are various requirements set by every country that must be met by surveyors for them to work. This is what Missouri Boundary Survey are all about.
Surveying is an old discipline that has been around for a very long time. Evidence of this field being practiced by ancient civilizations such as the Greek and Roman Empires exist. Even though it was exercised on a basic level at that time, a lot of improvement has been done to make it better. Today, the field is very sophisticated in terms of methods and equipment used.
Several different instruments are in use in the field of surveying around the world. Some of the most commonly used instruments are measuring tape, 3D scanners, theodolite, rod, total station, and GPS/GNSS. Most of these instruments are screwed onto a tripod so that they can be used effectively. For short distances, tape measures are usually used.
In surveying, angles are measured by the use of a theodolite. Angles in the horizontal and vertical planes are measured using two separate circles, alidades, and protractors. The target object is usually aligned vertically with a telescope. Telescopes are usually mounted on trunnions. The vertical circle is used to measure the angle made by the telescope against the vertical line. This line is called the zenith angle.
One special type of theodolite is a gyrotheodolite. For this instrument to orient itself, it uses a gyroscope. In cases where the reference mark does not exist, gyrotheodolite is used. Gyrotheodolites are used in underground applications. Total stations are simply advanced forms of theodolites. That makes them essentially theodolites. The only difference is that electronic distance measurement devices are incorporated into total stations.
A total station can be used for leveling when set to a horizontal plane. Total stations were optical-mechanical devices during their initial introduction. Better technology and more development have occurred allowing total stations to become fully electronic today. Reflectors or prisms are no longer needed by modern total stations to return light pulses applied in measurement of distances. Advanced total stations are fully robotic. They are able to e-mail data to remote computers.
Modern stations can automatically connect to satellite positioning systems. Surveying speed has highly increased due to real time kinematic GPS systems. However, these systems have a restricted accurateness in both horizontal and vertical planes. While vertical accuracy has an accurateness of 30-40mm, the accurateness of horizontal is only at 20mm.
The use of GPS in surveying is very different from the way GPS is used in other methods and equipment. Static GPS makes use of two receivers that are positioned in a place for a significant duration. The long duration is needed in order to allow the receivers to make comparison of measurements as satellites orbit.
Surveying is an old discipline that has been around for a very long time. Evidence of this field being practiced by ancient civilizations such as the Greek and Roman Empires exist. Even though it was exercised on a basic level at that time, a lot of improvement has been done to make it better. Today, the field is very sophisticated in terms of methods and equipment used.
Several different instruments are in use in the field of surveying around the world. Some of the most commonly used instruments are measuring tape, 3D scanners, theodolite, rod, total station, and GPS/GNSS. Most of these instruments are screwed onto a tripod so that they can be used effectively. For short distances, tape measures are usually used.
In surveying, angles are measured by the use of a theodolite. Angles in the horizontal and vertical planes are measured using two separate circles, alidades, and protractors. The target object is usually aligned vertically with a telescope. Telescopes are usually mounted on trunnions. The vertical circle is used to measure the angle made by the telescope against the vertical line. This line is called the zenith angle.
One special type of theodolite is a gyrotheodolite. For this instrument to orient itself, it uses a gyroscope. In cases where the reference mark does not exist, gyrotheodolite is used. Gyrotheodolites are used in underground applications. Total stations are simply advanced forms of theodolites. That makes them essentially theodolites. The only difference is that electronic distance measurement devices are incorporated into total stations.
A total station can be used for leveling when set to a horizontal plane. Total stations were optical-mechanical devices during their initial introduction. Better technology and more development have occurred allowing total stations to become fully electronic today. Reflectors or prisms are no longer needed by modern total stations to return light pulses applied in measurement of distances. Advanced total stations are fully robotic. They are able to e-mail data to remote computers.
Modern stations can automatically connect to satellite positioning systems. Surveying speed has highly increased due to real time kinematic GPS systems. However, these systems have a restricted accurateness in both horizontal and vertical planes. While vertical accuracy has an accurateness of 30-40mm, the accurateness of horizontal is only at 20mm.
The use of GPS in surveying is very different from the way GPS is used in other methods and equipment. Static GPS makes use of two receivers that are positioned in a place for a significant duration. The long duration is needed in order to allow the receivers to make comparison of measurements as satellites orbit.
About the Author:
If you are searching for information about a Missouri boundary survey, come to our web pages online today. More details are available at http://www.hattesohlsurveying.com/aboutus.html now.
No comments:
Post a Comment